Comparative Metabolomics Analysis of Weedy Rice (Oryza spp.) across Peninsular Malaysia

Weedy rice (Oryza spp.) is a notorious weed that invades paddy fields and hampers the rice’s production yield quality; thus, it has become major problem for farmers worldwide. comprises diverse morphology phenotypic variation; however, metabolome chemical phenotypes of weedy grains have not been explored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate metabolite profiles diversity Malaysian rice. Thirty-one biotypes were collected from selected granaries in different states Peninsular Malaysia, including Selangor, Perak, Penang, Kedah, Perlis, Kelantan, Terengganu. In addition samples, four cultivated varieties (MR219, MR220, MR220 CL2, MARDI Siraj 297) subjected nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics. The PLS-DA OPLS-DA models revealed clear separation between rice, which was contributed by higher level γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), α-glucose, fumaric acid, phenylalanine whilst valine, leucine, isoleucine, fatty acids, 2,3-butanediol, threonine, alanine, butyric choline, γ-oryzanol, fructose, β-glucose, sucrose, ferulic formic found dominant Interestingly, also showed samples west coast east regions Malaysia. metabolites responsible separation, i.e., discriminated levels GABA, phenylalanine. This first provide insights into could be influenced genotype environmental conditions. information on omics data important further research management crop improvement.